中文
Ship-to-ship (STS) mashandiro anosanganisira kutamiswa kwemutoro pakati pezvikepe zviviri. Uku kuvhiya hakungodi dhigirii repamusoro retsigiro yehunyanzvi, asi zvakare inofanirwa kunyatso kuomerera kune akatevedzana ekuchengetedza mitemo uye maitiro ekushanda. Inowanzoitwa ngarava payakamira kana kufamba. Kuvhiya uku kwakajairika mukutakurwa kwemafuta, gasi uye zvimwe zvinotakura mvura, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakadzika dzegungwa dziri kure nemachiteshi.
Usati waita basa rechikepe-ku-chikepe (STS), akati wandei akakosha zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuongororwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kugona kwekushanda. Zvinotevera ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinofanira kuziva:
● Funga nezvekusiyana kwehukuru pakati pezvikepe zviviri uye zvinogona kuitika pakubatana
● Sarudza hosi huru dzekusungirira uye huwandu hwadzo
● Ijekese kuti ngarava ipi icharamba ichienda uye kumhanya (ngarava inogara ichienda) uye kuti ngarava ipi ichafamba (ngarava inofamba).
● Chengetedza kukurumidza kusvika kwakakodzera (kazhinji 5 kusvika ku6 knots) uye iva nechokwadi chokuti misoro inowirirana yemidziyo miviri haina kusiyana zvakanyanya.
● Kumhanya kwemhepo hakufaniri kazhinji kudarika 30 knots uye kwairi kuenda kunofanira kudzivisa kupesana nekwainoenda nemafungu.
● Kureba kwekuzvimba kazhinji kunogumira kumamita matatu, uye kune hombe kwazvo crude carriers (VLCCs), muganho ungave wakaoma.
● Ita shuwa kuti mafungidziro emamiriro ekunze anoramba ari mukati mezviyero zvinogamuchirika uye chinhu chinogona kuwedzera nguva yekuzvidavirira kunonoka kusingatarisirwi.
● Iva nechokwadi chokuti nzvimbo yegungwa munzvimbo yekushanda haina kuvharwa, kazhinji haidi zvipingamupinyi mukati me10 nautical miles.
● Iva nechokwadi chokuti majumbo fender mana akaiswa munzvimbo dzakakodzera, kazhinji paigwa rinoshandiswa.
● Sarudza kuti paimire sei unoenderana nemafambiro engarava nezvimwe zvinhu.
● Gadziriro dzokufamba nadzo dzinofanira kuva dzakagadzirira kutumirwa nokukurumidza uye mitsetse yose inofanira kuva kupfurikidza nemitsetse yakavharwa inobvumirwa neClassification Society.
● Gadzira uye tsanangura zvakajeka maitiro ekumisa. Kana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza akachinja kana zvakakosha midziyo ikakundikana, kushanda kunofanira kumiswa pakarepo.
Munguva yeSTS crude oiri yekufambisa maitiro, kuve nechokwadi chekubatana kwakachengeteka pakati pezvikepe zviviri ndicho chinonyanya kukosha. Fender system chinhu chakakosha chekudzivirira ngarava kubva pakudhumhana uye kupokana. Zvinoenderana nechiyero zvinodiwa, kanenge manajumbomafenda anoda kuiswa, ayo anowanzoiswa pachikepe chinofambiswa kuti ape imwe dziviriro. Fenders haingodzikisi kusangana kwakananga pakati pehull, asi zvakare inotora maitiro uye inodzivirira kukuvadza kune hull. CDSR haingopi STS chetehose dzemafuta, asi zvakare inopa akatevedzana erubha fender uye zvimwe zvishongedzo kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa nevatengi vakasiyana. CDSR inogona kupa zvigadzirwa zvakagadziridzwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi, kuve nechokwadi chekuti michina yese inoenderana nezviyero zvepasi rose nemirairo yekuchengetedza.
Zuva: 14 Kukadzi 2025